Immunolabelling of intervessel pits for polysaccharides and lignin helps in understanding their hydraulic properties in Populus tremula × alba.
Identifieur interne : 001C95 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001C94; suivant : 001C96Immunolabelling of intervessel pits for polysaccharides and lignin helps in understanding their hydraulic properties in Populus tremula × alba.
Auteurs : Stéphane Herbette [France] ; Brigitte Bouchet [France] ; Nicole Brunel [France] ; Estelle Bonnin [France] ; Hervé Cochard [France] ; Fabienne Guillon [France]Source :
- Annals of botany [ 1095-8290 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Biopolymères (métabolisme), Coloration et marquage (MeSH), Microscopie électronique à transmission (MeSH), Paroi cellulaire (métabolisme), Paroi cellulaire (ultrastructure), Polyosides (métabolisme), Populus (génétique), Populus (métabolisme), Populus (ultrastructure), Xylème (métabolisme), Xylème (ultrastructure).
- MESH :
- génétique : Populus.
- métabolisme : Biopolymères, Paroi cellulaire, Polyosides, Populus, Xylème.
- ultrastructure : Coloration et marquage, Microscopie électronique à transmission, Paroi cellulaire, Populus, Xylème.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Biopolymers, Polysaccharides.
- genetics : Populus.
- metabolism : Cell Wall, Populus, Xylem.
- ultrastructure : Cell Wall, Populus, Xylem.
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Staining and Labeling.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. However, little is known about their biochemical composition and thus about their hydraulic properties. In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba).
METHODS
Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. Analyses were performed on both immature and mature vessels. The effect of sap ionic strength on xylem conductance was also tested.
KEY RESULTS
In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) was composed of crystalline cellulose and lignins. None of the hemicellulose epitopes were found in the PM. Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. The pit border also showed a specific labelling pattern, with higher cellulose labelling compared with the secondary wall of the vessel. Ion-mediated variation of 24 % was found for hydraulic conductance.
CONCLUSIONS
Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation.
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu232
PubMed: 25452248
PubMed Central: PMC4551089
Affiliations:
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sortKey="Herbette, Stephane" sort="Herbette, Stephane" uniqKey="Herbette S" first="Stéphane" last="Herbette">Stéphane Herbette</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France stephane.herbette@univ-bpclermont.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchet, Brigitte" sort="Bouchet, Brigitte" uniqKey="Bouchet B" first="Brigitte" last="Bouchet">Brigitte Bouchet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunel, Nicole" sort="Brunel, Nicole" uniqKey="Brunel N" first="Nicole" last="Brunel">Nicole Brunel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnin, Estelle" sort="Bonnin, Estelle" uniqKey="Bonnin E" first="Estelle" last="Bonnin">Estelle Bonnin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cochard, Herve" sort="Cochard, Herve" uniqKey="Cochard H" first="Hervé" last="Cochard">Hervé Cochard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guillon, Fabienne" sort="Guillon, Fabienne" uniqKey="Guillon F" first="Fabienne" last="Guillon">Fabienne Guillon</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Annals of botany</title><idno type="eISSN">1095-8290</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Biopolymers (metabolism)</term><term>Cell Wall (metabolism)</term><term>Cell Wall (ultrastructure)</term><term>Microscopy, Electron, Transmission (MeSH)</term><term>Polysaccharides (metabolism)</term><term>Populus (genetics)</term><term>Populus (metabolism)</term><term>Populus (ultrastructure)</term><term>Staining and Labeling (MeSH)</term><term>Xylem (metabolism)</term><term>Xylem (ultrastructure)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biopolymères (métabolisme)</term><term>Coloration et marquage (MeSH)</term><term>Microscopie électronique à transmission (MeSH)</term><term>Paroi cellulaire (métabolisme)</term><term>Paroi cellulaire (ultrastructure)</term><term>Polyosides (métabolisme)</term><term>Populus (génétique)</term><term>Populus (métabolisme)</term><term>Populus (ultrastructure)</term><term>Xylème (métabolisme)</term><term>Xylème (ultrastructure)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Biopolymers</term><term>Polysaccharides</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Populus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Populus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Cell Wall</term><term>Populus</term><term>Xylem</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biopolymères</term><term>Paroi cellulaire</term><term>Polyosides</term><term>Populus</term><term>Xylème</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ultrastructure" xml:lang="en"><term>Cell Wall</term><term>Populus</term><term>Xylem</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Microscopy, Electron, Transmission</term><term>Staining and Labeling</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ultrastructure" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coloration et marquage</term><term>Microscopie électronique à transmission</term><term>Paroi cellulaire</term><term>Populus</term><term>Xylème</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND AND AIMS</b></p><p>The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. However, little is known about their biochemical composition and thus about their hydraulic properties. In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. Analyses were performed on both immature and mature vessels. The effect of sap ionic strength on xylem conductance was also tested.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>KEY RESULTS</b></p><p>In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) was composed of crystalline cellulose and lignins. None of the hemicellulose epitopes were found in the PM. Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. The pit border also showed a specific labelling pattern, with higher cellulose labelling compared with the secondary wall of the vessel. Ion-mediated variation of 24 % was found for hydraulic conductance.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25452248</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>26</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1095-8290</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>115</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Feb</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Annals of botany</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Ann Bot</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Immunolabelling of intervessel pits for polysaccharides and lignin helps in understanding their hydraulic properties in Populus tremula × alba.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>187-99</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/aob/mcu232</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND AND AIMS" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">The efficiency and safety functions of xylem hydraulics are strongly dependent on the pits that connect the xylem vessels. However, little is known about their biochemical composition and thus about their hydraulic properties. In this study, the distribution of the epitopes of different wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) was analysed in intervessel pits of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × alba).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Immunogold labelling with transmission electron microscopy was carried out with a set of antibodies raised against different epitopes for each wall polysaccharide type and for lignins. Analyses were performed on both immature and mature vessels. The effect of sap ionic strength on xylem conductance was also tested.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="KEY RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">In mature vessels, the pit membrane (PM) was composed of crystalline cellulose and lignins. None of the hemicellulose epitopes were found in the PM. Pectin epitopes in mature vessels were highly concentrated in the annulus, a restricted area of the PM, whereas they were initially found in the whole PM in immature vessels. The pit border also showed a specific labelling pattern, with higher cellulose labelling compared with the secondary wall of the vessel. Ion-mediated variation of 24 % was found for hydraulic conductance.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Cellulose microfibrils, lignins and annulus-restricted pectins have different physicochemical properties (rigidity, hydrophobicity, porosity) that have different effects on the hydraulic functions of the PM, and these influence both the hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation of the pits, including ion-mediated control of hydraulic conductance. Impregnation of the cellulose microfibrils of the PM with lignins, which have low wettability, may result in lower cavitation pressure for a given pore size and thus help to explain the vulnerability of this species to cavitation.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herbette</LastName><ForeName>Stéphane</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France stephane.herbette@univ-bpclermont.fr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bouchet</LastName><ForeName>Brigitte</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brunel</LastName><ForeName>Nicole</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bonnin</LastName><ForeName>Estelle</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cochard</LastName><ForeName>Hervé</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guillon</LastName><ForeName>Fabienne</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France and INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP 71627, F-44316 Nantes, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>30</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Ann Bot</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0372347</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0305-7364</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D001704">Biopolymers</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D011134">Polysaccharides</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001704" MajorTopicYN="N">Biopolymers</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002473" MajorTopicYN="N">Cell Wall</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000648" MajorTopicYN="N">ultrastructure</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D046529" MajorTopicYN="N">Microscopy, Electron, Transmission</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011134" MajorTopicYN="N">Polysaccharides</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D032107" MajorTopicYN="N">Populus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000648" MajorTopicYN="N">ultrastructure</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013194" MajorTopicYN="N">Staining and Labeling</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D052584" MajorTopicYN="N">Xylem</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000648" MajorTopicYN="N">ultrastructure</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Populus tremula × alba</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">annulus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cavitation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cellulose</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">hydraulic conductance</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">immunolabelling</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">lignin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pectin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pit membrane</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">plant water relations</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">sap flow</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">xylem</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2015</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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Loire</li></region><settlement><li>Nantes</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Pays de la Loire"><name sortKey="Herbette, Stephane" sort="Herbette, Stephane" uniqKey="Herbette S" first="Stéphane" last="Herbette">Stéphane Herbette</name></region><name sortKey="Bonnin, Estelle" sort="Bonnin, Estelle" uniqKey="Bonnin E" first="Estelle" last="Bonnin">Estelle Bonnin</name><name sortKey="Bouchet, Brigitte" sort="Bouchet, Brigitte" uniqKey="Bouchet B" first="Brigitte" last="Bouchet">Brigitte Bouchet</name><name sortKey="Brunel, Nicole" sort="Brunel, Nicole" uniqKey="Brunel N" first="Nicole" last="Brunel">Nicole Brunel</name><name sortKey="Cochard, Herve" sort="Cochard, Herve" uniqKey="Cochard H" first="Hervé" last="Cochard">Hervé Cochard</name><name sortKey="Guillon, Fabienne" sort="Guillon, Fabienne" uniqKey="Guillon F" first="Fabienne" last="Guillon">Fabienne Guillon</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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